s.janaSias sax. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo muzeumi

noqalaqevis erToblivi qarTul-inglisuri arqeologiuri eqspediciis
2002 wlis savele samuSaoebis

a n g a r i S i

noqalaqevis saerTaSoriso eqspediciis xelmZRvaneli ist.mecn.kandidati -
daviT lomitaSvili

     saangariSo wels s. janaSias sax. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo muzeumis noqalaqevis arqeologiurma eqspediciam, senakis raionis sofel noqalaqevSi savele arqeologiuri samuSaoebi or etapad awarmoa. I etapi moicavda periods 15 agvistodan -15 seqtembramde da warmodgenili iyo muzeumis xuTi TanamSromliT: p.zaqaraia /xelmZRvaneli/, d.lomitaSvili /xelmZRvanelis moadgile/, b.lorTqifaniZe /xelmZRvanelis moadgilie/ T.kapanaZe /ufr. mecn. Tan./ n.qebulaZe /qimikos-restavratori/, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis ori studentiT: T.gegia da ir.lomTaZe. didi britaneTi warmodgenili iyo oqsfordis /xelmZRvaneli ian qolvini/, kembrijis /xelmZRvaneli nikolas armouri/, sauThemptonis /xelmZRvanelebi pol everili da benjamen neili/. universitetebis studentebiT da aspirantebiT greem eflbi, endriu Saflandi, joana vilsoni, jein maTeusi, ana-maria leiToni, elizabet beitsi, meri Sefersoni.
     II etapi 1 oqtomberi - 1 noemberamde periods moicavda da eqspediciaSi CarTuli iyo saq. sax. muzeumisa da baTumis arqeologiuri muzeumis TanamSromlebi /xelmZRvaneli prof. a.kaxiZe/.
     noqalaqevis qarTul-inglisuri eqspediciis I etapiT gaTvaliswinebuli samuSaoebi noqalaqevis naqalaqaris qveda terasis centralur da aRmosevleTis seqtorebSi ganxorcielda. 2002 wlis sezonSi arqeologiuri samuSaoebi gagrZelda wina wels dawyebul TxrilSi F seqtoris me-2 kvadratSi ,,Txrili A’’. wlevandel eqspediciaSi sauThemptonis universitetis CarTvam saSualeba mogvca meore Txrilis gaxsnisa. SerCeul iqna ferdobis momijnave teritoria E seqtoris me-2,3-e kvadratebSi /zomebiT 7X7 m/ ,,Txrili B”. orive Txrilze savele arqeologiuri samuSaoebis xelmZRvanelobas warmarTavda qarTuli mxare /d.lomitaSvili, b.lorTqifaniZe/. savele foto samuSaoebs awarmoebda inglisuri mxare.
arqeologiuri samuSaoebi - ,, A Txrili”
    rogorc aRvniSneT I Txrilze samuSaoebi jer kidev wina wels daviwyeT. gasaTxreli farTobi 60 m2 teritorias moicavda (6X10 m). Tu amas davumatebT Txrilis aRmosavleTiT, galavnis da masze amavali kibis mimdebare teritoriaze 1996-97ww iatakis donemde dayvanil monakveTsac, saerTo farTobi 100 m2 teritorias moicavs. Seswavlili ubani naqalaqaris yvelaze strategiul adgilasaa da Sesabamisad gansakuTrebuli sifrTxiliT vekidebodiT yovelgvar gamovlinebas. 2001 w arqeologiuri kampaniis dros ZiriTadad adrefeodaluri xanis fenebze vmuSaobdiT. faqtiurad 2002 wlis sezonSi igivr fenis Seswavla grZeldeboda. gaTxrebis meTodika mxolod da mxolod sapreparacio samuSaoebs iTvaliswinebda. amTaviTve gvinda SevniSnoT, rom ubani saocrad gadatvirTulia rogorc masobrivi arqeologiuri aseve osteologiuri masalebiT.
    arqeologiuri samuSaoebis I etapze Txrilis mTeli perimetri gavaTavisufleT wina wels gakeTebuli droebiT sakonservacio fenisagan. (aRsanisnavia, rom erToblivi eqspediciis yoveli sezonis bolos xdeba Txrilebis polieTilenis safariT dafarva da mas, Semdgom miwis 10-15 sm-iani feniT vfaravT).
sakonservacio fenis moxsnis Semdeg, mciremasStabiani sapreparacio samuSaoebi CavatareT Txrilis im monakveTSi, romelzec gaSenebulia galavanze asasvleli kvadrovani kibe. kibis garSemo arsebuli teritoriis saguldagulo preparaciam sakmaod saintereso Sedegebi mogvca. irkveva rom Cvens mier 1996-97 ww gamovlenili galavnis dasavleTi mxridan momijnave e.w. ,,iataki” sinqronulia I samSeneblo horizontisa, magram imis miuxedavad rom Txrilis Crdilo aRmosavleT monakveTSi masze kibea gawyobili, qronologiurad ,,iatakis” fena kibis samSeneblo horizontze daaxloebiT erTi saukuniT uxnesia. sapreparacio  samuSaoebis Sedegad gairkva, rom iataki da I kedeli erTsa da imave drosaa gaSenebuli da kedlis dasavleTiT mowyobili ,,iataki” saerTo saforTifikacio sistemis erTerTi detail unda yofiliyo. gamoiTqva varaudi rom imave iatakze ax.w. IV s-is SuaxanebSi (cnobilia rom TviT I galavnis TariRic IV s-is dasawyisi- Suaxanebia) SesaZloa xis kibe yofiliyo gamarTuli, imavdroulad ki sasiarulo donesac warmoadgenda. kvadrovan kibesa da kiris duRabian iataks Soris bma ar Cans, rac imis maCvenebelia, rom kibe gvian daaSenes iataks. savaraudod kibe F seqtoris me-8-e kvadratSi aSenebuli safasado koSkis Tanadroulia da SesaZloa misi TariRi VI s-is dasawyisiT ganisazRvros.
kibis irgvliv mdebare teritoriebis sapreparacio samuSaoebis paralelurad mimdinareobda gaTxriTi samuSaoebi Txrilis danarCen perimetrze amTaviTve gvinda SevniSnoT rom Txrili ,,uxvmosavliani” gamodga arqeologiuri masalis TvalsazrisiT. es sakmaod ucnaurad gamoiyureba naqalaqaris qveda terasis sxva danarCen ubnebTan SedarebiT, sadac rogorc wesi adrefeodaluri xanis masalebiT sakmaod gaiSviaTebuli kulturuli fenebia sgamovlenili. arqeologiuri Zeglebis naklebi intensiurobis mizezebis Sesaxeb Cven wina wlebis angariSebSi araerTxel SegviniSnavs da imavdroulad vcdilobdiT amisi mizezebic agvexsna.
Txrilis centraluri da samxreT aRmosavleTI monakveTebi SeiZleba iTqvas rom gadatvirTulia keramikuli da osteologiuri  masalebiT. Warbobs cxenis, msxvilfexa saqonlis, Roris da sxva cxovelTa Zvlovani naSTebi. xSir SemTxvevaSi Zvlovani masa naxSirTan erTad Tanaarsebobs. Txrilis morigi adgilis preparaciis dros gamovlenili iqna sqelkedliani (1,3 sm), cudad ganleqili Tixis wiTladgamomwvari, didi zomis mravalyuriani qoTnis (an qvabis) erT adgilas Camsxvreuli didi natexi. brtyelganivkveTiani erTi yuri korpusTan zeda mierTebis adgilas gamowvamdea gaxvretili. Tu WurWlis zomebidan gamovalT savaraudoa, rom mas sami an oTxi yuri unda hqonoda. mravalyurianobis precendenti noqalaqevis adreSuasaukuneebis fenebidan Cven adrec gvqonda – garnizonisaTvis gankuTvnili qvabi. WurWels sakmaod rTulprofiliani piri gaaCnia. pirmoyril WurWels gare mxridan irgvlivi wibo Semouyveba savaraudoa rom xufis Camosadebad. misi analogi 1930-31 wlebis qarTul-germanuli arqeologiuri kampaniis drosac gamouvleniaT erT-erT sasimagro koSkSi. yuris zeda miZerwvis adgilas gakeTebuli naxvreti gvafiqrebinebs, rom igi garkveul momentSi SesaZloa dasakidic yofiliyo. SemorCenil natexebs saerTod ar emCnevaT cecxlSi moxvedris kvali.
saangariSo periodSi I TxrilSi gamovlenili arqeologiuri masalebi praqtikulad imeoreben wina wlebis gaTxrebis Sedegad CvenTvis ukve kargad nacnob formebs. SeiZleba iTqva, rom arqeologiur masalaSi lokaluri gamovlinebebi TiTqmis ar gagvaCnia. masiur xasiaTs atarebs sferulmucliani mcire da saSualo zomis Sebolili qoTnis natexebis gamovlena. TiTqmis yvela maTgani sadaa da uyuro. Txelkedliani, cudad ganleqili Tixisagan namzadi, brtyeli ZiriT. qoTnebis erTi nawili vardisfersarCuliania nawili ki ruxi feris keciT (an gamomwvari?) aRniSnul fenaSi TiTqmis yovelTvis fiqsirdeba adgilobrivi warmoebis, wiTel keciani luTeriumis natexebi. gamonaklisi arc 2002 wlis kampania gamodga. gamovlenili luTeriumis pirgverdis natexi CvenTvis cnobil luTeriumis formebs imeorebs (d.lomitaSvili – 1990) mas tuCi da Ziri SerCenili ar aqvs. TiTqmis masiur xasiaTs atarebs Rrma, farTo maRalkedliani jamebis pirgverdebis natexebis gamovlena. yvela maTgani wiTeli feris kargad ganleqili Tixisaganaa namzadi. gamomwvaria Tanabrad.
aRniSnuli Txrilidan jerjerobiT erTi erTeuliTaa warmodgenili keramikuli xufi, romelic diskoseburi xufebis kategorias ganekuTvneba. raodenobrivi TvalsazrisiT, aRniSnulma monakveTma didi raodenobiT samecniero literaturaSi ,,specifikuri WurWlebis” saxeliT cnobili nakeTobebis fragmentebi mogvca. aRniSnuli WurWlebi noqalaqevidan wina wlebSic mravlad gvqonda, magram wels misi aRmoCenebis raodenoba gacilebiT gaizarda. TiTqmis yvela SemTxvevaSi es WurWlebi lega nacrisferi, kargad ganleqili Tixisaganaa namzadi. WurWeli warmoadgens 40-60 sm-is simaRlis 25-40 sm diametris brtyelZirian nakeTobebs. Zirze da Tavze gamWoli 7-10 sm diametris naxvretebi gaaCniaT. aseTi WurWlebis gamovlena dasavleT kavkasiaSi masiur xasiaTs ar atarebs. zRvispireTSi gamovlenilia gudavaSi, qveynis SigniT: vardcixeSi, namaSevSi, quTaisSi. es nakeTobani sazogadod sacecxlurebadaa miCneuli da moqalaqeTa fenebSi dasturdeba. aRniSnul nakeTobaTa formebi noqalaqevSi wina wlebSic cnobili iyo. ramdenadme gaurkveveli iyo daniSnulebis sakiTxi. erTaderTi mTeli egzemplari CvenTvis cnobili noqalaqevis adreuli wlebis dazverviTi eqspediciis monapovridan. dRes ramdenadac CvenTvis cnobilia nimuSi mcxeTis erT-erT sacavSia daculi.
pirveli Txrilidan jerjerobiT erTi kiduriTaa warmodgenili, Cvens mier 1983-86 ww Txrilis aRmosavleTidan momijnave teritoriaze gamovlenili TiTqmis uprecedento keramikuli zoomorfuli ormxrivprotomiani skulpturebis naStebi. kiduris gamovlenam faqtiurad migvaniSna, rom aRniSnuli kultura am regionSic vrceldeba. vfiqrobT Txrilis daRrmavebasTan erTad moimatebs aRniSnuli kulturis intensivoba. aRniSnulma Txrilma saangariSo periodSi didi raodenobiT welSezneqili amforebis fragmentebi mogvca.